紐時賞析／美軍巴格蘭基地內 惡名昭彰的監獄

At Abandoned U.S. Base, a Notorious Prison Lies Empty

美軍巴格蘭基地內惡名昭彰的監獄

On July 1, with little warning and no public ceremony, U.S. forces abandoned

the sprawling Bagram Air Base, the hub of the 20-year U.S. war effort in

Afghanistan. Six weeks later, on Aug. 15, Taliban fighters swept into the

base and freed thousands of prisoners — including senior Taliban and al-Qaida

figures — from a prison complex at Bagram.

去年7月1日，美軍在毫無任何示警與公開儀式情況下，從占地廣闊的巴格蘭空軍基地撤離，該基地是美國在阿富汗20年戰爭的中心。六星期後的8月15日，神學士武裝分子衝進巴格蘭基地並釋放數千名囚犯，其中包含神學士和凱達組織的高級成員。

A base that was once a bustling city housing tens of thousands of troops is

now a desolate ruin. Within Bagram’s concrete blast walls, a bedraggled unit

of Taliban fighters guards the emptied prison, once the site where the U.S.

military detained thousands of people suspected of being insurgents, often for

long periods without charge or trial. The guards camp amid mountains of debris

and personal belongings abandoned by fleeing prisoners, and damaged

equipment left by U.S. and Afghan government forces.

這個曾經熙熙攘攘、容納數以萬計軍隊的基地，現在已成了一片荒涼廢墟。在巴格蘭的混凝土防爆牆內，一群衣著邋遢的神學士戰士守衛著空無一人的監獄。美軍曾在此關押數千名疑為叛亂分子的人，通常在沒有起訴或審判情況下長期關押。這些守衛紮營之處，周遭有大量殘骸和逃跑囚犯丟棄的個人物品，以及美國與阿富汗政府軍留下的損壞設備。

The prison, known as the Detention Facility in Parwan, was built by the United

States in 2009. It replaced a nearby detention center at Bagram, known as the

Bagram Collection Point, where detainees endured abusive treatment at the

base. U.S. military pathologists ruled that two detainees died in 2002 from

beatings inflicted while in U.S. custody.

這座被稱為帕爾萬拘留所的監獄，是美國在2009年所建。它取代巴格蘭附近一個被稱為巴格蘭集中站的拘留中心，遭拘留者在當地受到虐待。美國軍方病理學家判定，兩名遭拘留者2002年被美軍拘押期間遭毆打致死。

While the Parwan facility provided more humane conditions for prisoners, it

became the source of violent protests in February 2012 that led to the deaths

of Afghans and Americans after Qurans confiscated from prisoners were burned

by U.S. soldiers.

帕爾萬監獄雖為囚犯提供更人道的條件，但它在2012年2月成為暴力抗議的源頭，導致阿富汗人和美國人死亡，原因是美軍沒收並燒毀囚犯的古蘭經。

The United States transferred the Parwan detention facility to Afghan

government control in 2013 after turning over 3,000 Afghan prisoners to

Afghan custody.

在移交3000名阿富汗囚犯給阿富汗拘留後，美國在2013年將帕爾萬拘留所交給阿富汗政府掌管。

In 2019, the United Nations reported that the facility, under the control of

the Afghan National Army, was overcrowded and that solitary confinement was

being used as a form of discipline.

2019年，聯合國報告指出，這座由阿富汗政府軍控制的設施人滿為患，單獨監禁被當作一種懲戒方式。

When U.S. forces seized Bagram Air Base in late 2001, it was an abandoned

wreck fought over by the Taliban and U.S.-backed Northern Alliance militias.

The base was first constructed by the Soviet Union in the 1950s and served

as a hub for Soviet military operations for a decade before troops withdrew

in 1989.

美軍2001年底占領巴格蘭空軍基地時，當地是神學士與美國支持的北方聯盟民兵爭奪的廢墟。該基地最初由蘇聯在1950年代建造，在蘇聯軍隊1989年撤離前的十年裡，一直是蘇聯軍事行動的中心。

Rebuilt by the U.S. military, Bagram expanded into a home away from home for

tens of thousands of U.S. and NATO troops. 

經美軍重建後，巴格蘭擴張成為數萬名美國和北約部隊遠離家鄉的家。

Today, the base and the prison are quiet. Taliban guards said Bagram was

controlled by two Taliban commanders, one with 500 men under his

command and the other with 200 men.

如今，基地和監獄都很安靜。神學士守衛說，巴格蘭由兩名神學士指揮官控制，其中一人指揮500人，另一人指揮200人。

文／David Zucchino 譯／陳韋廷