紐時賞析／基輔雖獲諸多意外戰果 反攻仍長路漫漫

So Much Won, So Much War To Go for Kyiv

基輔雖獲諸多意外戰果 反攻仍長路漫漫

In forests, in fields and in fierce urban combat, the Ukrainian military has defied the odds, and all expectations, and forced Russia into multiple retreats over nine brutal, bloody months of war.

在森林、田野和激烈的城市戰中，烏克蘭軍隊克服了種種困難跟所有預料，迫使俄羅斯在9個月殘酷血戰中多次撤退。

And yet despite its success, and even with tens of thousands of soldiers killed on each side, Ukraine by one measure is only halfway done: Its army has now reclaimed about 55% of the territory Russia occupied after invading in February.

然而，儘管烏克蘭取得成功，甚至雙方都有數萬軍人陣亡，但從某方面來看，烏克蘭只完成一半任務。烏軍現已收復俄羅斯2月入侵後占領區域的大約55%。

Ukraine is on the offensive along most of the 600-mile front line. Russia is in a defensive crouch in the south and northeast while still attacking toward one eastern city, Bakhmut.

烏克蘭在600英里前線的大部分地區都處於進攻狀態。俄羅斯在南部和東北部採取守勢，同時仍向東部城市巴赫姆特進攻。

Ukraine’s success has brought the war to a pivotal juncture. Because it is on the offensive, it can shape the next phase of the fighting, determining whether to push its advantage farther into Russian-occupied territory, or settle in for the winter, as military analysts say Russia would like to do.

烏克蘭的成功將戰爭帶到一個關鍵時刻。由於處於進攻狀態，它可以左右下一階段的戰鬥，決定將其優勢進一步推進至俄羅斯占領區，或是安頓下來過冬，如同軍事分析人士所說俄羅斯想做的事。

Should it press on, Ukraine faces significant hurdles: While it has pushed more Russian fighters into a tighter space, this means the battles ahead will be against more densely defended territory, on challenging terrain.

若烏克蘭繼續推進，將面臨巨大障礙。烏軍將更多俄軍推入更狹窄的空間，這意味著未來的戰鬥，將在更具挑戰的地形上面對防守更嚴密的區域。

Ukraine is now fighting in boats in the reedy marshes and deltaic islands of the lower Dnieper River; it is pushing against multiple trench lines on snowy plains in the Zaporizhzhia region in the south; and is engaging in a bloody, seesaw fight along the so-called Svatove-Kreminna line, in pine forests in northeastern Ukraine.

烏克蘭目前在第聶伯河下游的蘆葦沼澤跟三角洲島嶼上乘船作戰，向南部札波羅熱積雪平原上的多條戰壕推進，並在烏克蘭東北部松林中所謂的斯瓦托夫-克雷米納防線，進行一場血腥拉鋸戰。

After the Russian withdrawal from Kherson this month, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy of Ukraine made a dramatic visit to the city, the only provincial capital captured by Russian forces. Raising the Ukrainian flag over a government building, he echoed a famous speech by Winston Churchill after the British victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942.

本月俄羅斯從刻松撤軍後，烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基戲劇性地訪問這座被俄軍占領的唯一省級首府。他在一座政府大樓升起烏克蘭國旗，呼應了邱吉爾在1942年英國第二次阿拉曼戰役勝利後發表的著名演說。

Churchill had declared “the end of the beginning” to the conflict, which would drag on for three more years. Zelenskyy tried to flip the narrative.

當時邱吉爾宣布，這是這場戰爭「序幕的結束」，戰事後來又持續了3年多。澤倫斯基則試圖翻轉說法。

“This is the beginning of the end of the war,” he said.

他說：「這是這場戰爭結束的開始。」

Still, about one-fifth of Ukrainian territory remains occupied by Russia.

儘管如此，烏克蘭約五分之一領土仍被俄羅斯占領。

文／Marc Santora、Andrew E. Kramer　譯／陳韋廷