紐時賞析／哥倫比亞殘酷內戰真相委員會 猛批美國政策

Colombia’s Truth Commission Is Highly Critical of US Policy

哥倫比亞真相委員會猛批美國政策

It was a 58-year conflict, involved almost every sector of Colombian society, and cost hundreds of thousands of lives and billions of U.S. dollars.

這是一場長達58年的衝突，幾乎涉及哥倫比亞社會的每個階層，造成數十萬人死亡與數十億美元損失。

And on Tuesday, a government-appointed truth commission released the most comprehensive examination yet of Colombia’s brutal internal conflict, which spanned 1958 to 2016.

一個由政府任命的真相委員會周二對哥倫比亞1958年至2016年間的殘酷內戰，發布迄今為止最全面的調查報告。

The report was highly critical of the security model that dominated the country for decades, which the authors said treated much of the population as internal enemies, and it called for sweeping transformation of the police and military.

這份報告對主導該國數十年的安全模式提出強烈批評，作者稱該模式將大部分民眾視為內部敵人，並呼籲對警察和軍隊進行徹底改革。

It also delivered a sharp rebuke of U.S. policy in Colombia, saying that mounting a war against drug trafficking had disastrous social and environmental effects, turning poor farmers into enemies of the state and poisoning once fertile landscapes.

報告還嚴厲指責美國在哥倫比亞的政策，稱發動打擊販毒的戰爭對社會和環境造成災難性影響，將貧窮的農民變成國家的敵人，並毒害曾經肥沃的土地。

“The consequences of this concerted and largely U.S.-driven approach,” the report said, led to a “hardening of the conflict in which the civilian population has been the main victim.”

報告說，「這種協調一致且主要由美國推動的做法造成後果」，導致「以平民為主要受害者的衝突加劇」。

Declassified documents used to compile the report, which were obtained by The New York Times, show that Washington believed for years that the Colombian military was engaged in extrajudicial killings and was working with right-wing paramilitaries, and yet continued to deepen its relationship with the armed forces.

「紐約時報」取得用於編寫報告的解密文件顯示，華府多年來一直認為哥倫比亞軍方從事法外處決並跟右派準軍事組織合作，但仍繼續加深與哥國軍方的關係。

The report, which was four years in the making and involved more than 14,000 individual and collective interviews, was a product of the 2016 peace deal between the Colombian government and its largest rebel force, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. It is meant to aid in healing after the war, and included a new estimate of the dead: 450,000 people, nearly twice the number previously believed.

這份報告花費四年製作，涉及超過1萬4000多個個人與集體訪談，是2016年哥國政府及其最大反叛力量哥倫比亞革命軍（FARC）達成和平協議的產物。其目的是協助內戰後療癒，並包括對死亡人數的最新估計：45萬人，這一數字幾乎是先前估計的兩倍。

At a ceremony marking the report’s publication, some victims cried in their seats, while others shouted for recognition for their loved ones. Some of the commissioners, who were responsible for creating the report, wore T-shirts that read: “There is future if there is truth.”

在報告發表的儀式上，一些受害者坐在座位上哭泣，另一些人則大聲要求認列他們的親人。一些負責撰寫該項報告的委員則穿著印有「有真相才有未來」字樣的Ｔ恤。

The list of victims “is unending and the accumulated pain is unbearable,” the Rev. Francisco de Roux, who led the truth commission, told a packed theater in Bogotá, the capital. “Why did we watch the massacres on television, day after day, as if they were a cheap soap opera?”

領導真相委員會的牧師德魯，在首都波哥大一間座無虛席的劇院內表示，受害者名單「毫無止盡，累積的痛苦令人無法承受」，「為何我們日復一日在電視上觀看這些屠殺，就好像它們是廉價肥皂劇一樣？」

文／Julie Turkewitz and Genevieve Glatsky 譯／陳韋廷

說文解字看新聞

【陳韋廷】

哥倫比亞真相委員會上月底發表調查報告揭示內戰的殘酷，Commission指的是負責調查問題真相或原因的委員會，香港「廉政公署」（ICAC）就是Independent Commission Against Corruption的縮寫。

High commission通常指【大英】國協（Commonwealth）各國之間互設的大使館（embassy）；也指不同國家為了特定目標而協力的組織，像是聯合國難民署（UNHCR）就是the United Nations High Commission for Refugees的縮寫。

Committee也指代表較大的組織決策或蒐集資訊的委員會。台灣立法院或各國國會通常設有各種專業委員會，專門為某項議題成立且要交調查報告的委員會是select committee，例如調查去年國會山莊暴動案的美國聯邦眾議院委員會（The House select committee investigating the Jan. 6 Capitol riot）。Committee在美語是單數名詞，在英語可當複數名詞使用。