紐時賞析／美國機構 切割親普亭的俄裔藝術家

Too Close to Putin？ Institutions Vet Artists, Uncomfortably.

美國機構切割親普亭的俄裔藝術家

In Canada, an acclaimed 20-year-old Russian pianist’s concert was canceled

amid concerns about his silence on the invasion of Ukraine. The music

director of an orchestra in Toulouse, France — who is also chief

conductor at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow — was instructed to clarify

his position on the war before his next appearance. In New York,

Anna Netrebko, one of opera’s biggest stars, saw her reign at the

Metropolitan Opera end after she declined to denounce Russian

President Vladimir Putin.

在加拿大，一位知名的20歲俄國鋼琴家演奏會被取消，各界關切他對入侵烏克蘭的沉默。身兼莫斯科大劇院首席指揮的法國土魯斯某交響樂團音樂總監，被指示在他下一場演出前，要澄清自己對這場戰爭的立場。在紐約，歌劇界巨星之一涅翠柯拒絕譴責俄國總統普亭之後，她主宰大都會歌劇院的時代終結。

As global condemnation of Russia’s attack on Ukraine grows, cultural

institutions have moved with surprising speed to put pressure on

Russian artists to distance themselves from Putin, a collision of

art and politics that is forcing organizations to confront questions

about free speech and whether they should be policing artists’ views.

全球對俄國攻擊烏克蘭的譴責高漲之際，文化機構也以驚人的速度行動，對俄國藝術家施壓，要他們和普亭切割，這項藝術和政治的衝突，迫使各組織面對關於言論自由的質疑，以及他們是否該審查藝術家的觀點。

Institutions are demanding that artists who have supported Putin in

the past issue clear condemnations of him and his invasion as a

prerequisite for performing. Others are checking their rosters and

poring over social media posts to ensure Russian performers have not

made contentious statements about the war. The Polish National Opera

has gone so far as to drop a production of Mussorgsky’s “Boris Godunov,”

one of the greatest Russian operas, to express “solidarity with the

people of Ukraine.”

各機構要求，過去曾支持普亭的藝術家，要針對他和他的入侵行動發表明確譴責，作為演出的先決條件。其他人則檢查名冊並逐一過濾社群媒體發文，確保俄國表演者沒有作出關於戰爭的爭議性說法。波蘭國家歌劇院甚至取消俄國最出色歌劇之一、穆索斯基「波里斯．郭德諾」的製作，以表達「和烏克蘭民眾團結一致」。

The tensions pose a dilemma for cultural institutions and those who

support them. Many have long tried to stay above the fray of current

events, and have a deep belief in the role the arts can play in

bridging divides. Now, arts administrators, who have scant geopolitical

expertise, find themselves in the midst of one of the most politically

charged issues in recent decades, with little in the way of experience

to draw on.

這些緊張顯示出文化機構和支持者的困境，許多人長期以來試著遠離時事爭端，且深信藝術能扮演弭合歧異的角色。如今缺乏地緣政治專業的藝術工作者，發現自己處於數十年來最具政治意味的議題當中，卻缺乏足以處理的經驗。

“We’re facing a totally new situation,” said Andreas Homoki, artistic

director of the Zurich Opera. “Politics was never on our mind like this

before.”

「我們正面臨一個全新的局面」，蘇黎世歌劇院藝術總監荷穆齊說，「以前我們從未像這樣關注政治」。

Experts warn that the pressure to take a tough stance against Russian

artists risks ending decades of cultural exchange.

專家警告，對俄國藝術家採取強硬態度的壓力，會帶來終結數十年文化交流的風險。

“The more we antagonize, the more we cut off, the more we ban, the more

we censor and the more we have this xenophobic reaction, the more we

play into Putin’s hands,” said Simon Morrison, a professor of music at

Princeton who studies Russia. “We render each side into a crude cartoon.”

「我們愈是敵視，我們愈是切斷，我們愈是禁止，我們愈是審查，以及我們愈是採取恐外反應，我們就愈會讓普亭稱心如意」，普林斯頓大學研究俄國的音樂教授莫里森這麼說，「我們把雙方變成了一幅粗野的諷刺漫畫。」

文／Javier C. Hernández 譯／莊蕙嘉

【莊蕙嘉】

說文解字看新聞

套句英國當代文化理論巨擘伊果頓（Terry Eagleton）的名言：「所有文學理論必然是政治的。」以美國為首的部分西方國家「外交杯葛」北京冬奧，證明「體育歸體育，政治歸政治」只是口號；伊果頓名言中的「文學理論」可以輕易代換成體育，藝術又有什麼特權，能夠免於政治干預？

政治牽涉到表態，可以說state/declare one’s position，介係詞常用on。倒數第二段take a tough stance against翻譯為「對...採取強硬態度」，平常談到對人或者事物的感受時，會用attitude，不過若是針對特定議題或事件，用stance會更貼切。

另一個談到政治時常用的詞是「切割╱撇清關係」（distance yourself from someone/ something），此外也有較口語的cut someone loose。On someone’s side, take someone’s side, take sides都有「選邊站」之意。